The chage command changes the number of days between
password changes and the date of the last password change. This information
is used by the system to determine when a user must change his/her
password.
chage
命令可以接受的选项有：
-d, --lastdayLAST_DAY
Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the
password was last changed. The date may also be expressed in the format
YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). If the
LAST_DAY is set to 0 the user is forced to change his password
on the next log on.
-E, --expiredateEXPIRE_DATE
Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on
which the user´s account will no longer be accessible. The date may
also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used
in your area). A user whose account is locked must contact the system
administrator before being able to use the system again.
EXPIRE_DATE 设置为 -1
会移除账户的过期日期。
-h, --help
现实帮助信息并退出。
-I, --inactiveINACTIVE
Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has
expired before the account is locked. The
INACTIVE option is the number
of days of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system
administrator before being able to use the system again.
INACTIVE 设置为 -1
会移除账户禁用功能。
-l, --list
现实账户年龄信息。
-m, --mindaysMIN_DAYS
在密码更改之间的最小天数设置为
MIN_DAYS。此字段中的 0
值表示用户可以在任何时间更改其密码。
-M, --maxdaysMAX_DAYS
Set the maximum number of days during which a password is
valid. When
MAX_DAYS plus
LAST_DAY is less than the current day,
the user will be required to change his/her password before being able to use
his/her account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the
-W option, which provides the user with advance warning.
MAX_DAYS 设置为 -1
会移除密码有效性检查。
-R, --rootCHROOT_DIR
Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use
the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory.
-W, --warndaysWARN_DAYS
Set the number of days of warning before a password
change is required. The WARN_DAYS option is the number of days prior to
the password expiring that a user will be warned his/her password is about to
expire.
如果没有选择任何选项，chage
会进入交互模式，以所有字段的当前值提示用户。输入一个新值可以更改这些字段，或者留空使用当前值。当前值出现在
[ ] 标记对里。
chage
需要有一个影子密码文件才可用。
只有 root 才可以使用
chage，一个特殊情况是
-l
选项，用来让非特权用户觉得自己的密码或账户何时过期。
配置文件¶
在 /etc/login.defs
中有如下配置变量，可以用来更改此工具的行为：
/etc/passwd
用户账户信息。
/etc/shadow
安全用户账户信息。
退出值¶
chage
命令有如下退出值：.PP
0
成功
1
权限不够
2
无效的命令语法
15
无法找到影子密码文件